JAM’UL QUR’AN (2)

HOW WAS THE QUR’AN COLLECTED

In Suyuti’s Itqan it is said that the Qur’an had been written down in its entirety in the time of the Prophet but had not been brought together in one single place, and that therefore these written records or documents had not been arranged in order’ (Itqan, 1, p. 41)

However, this statement does not preclude that the ordering of the Qur’an and the arrangement of the surahs, was fixed by the Prophet himself and safeguarded through oral trasmission.

STAGES OF COLLECTION

1) In the time of the Prophet:

- In the hearts of men (memorisation)

- On writing materials

2) In the time of Abu Bakr

3) In the time of ‘Uthman

WHY WAS NO BOOK LEFT BY PROPHET?

Because the revelation did not come down in one piece, but at intervals and was received continuosly until the end of the Prophet’s life.

Because some verses were abrogated in the course of revelation, and therefore flexibility needed to be maintained.

The Prophet lived only nine days after the last revelation and was severely ill.

THE MATERIAL OF INSCRIPTION OF THE QUR’AN

The material available at the lifetime of the Prophet are said to have included the following:

Palm stalks (‘usub)

Thin white stones (likhaf)

Boards – (alwah) a long thin piece of wood

Scapula bones (aktaf)

Saddles (aqtab)-a joint of meat consisting of the two loins

Pieces of cloth ( riqa’)

Potsherds (khazaf)-a broken piece of earthenware – pottery made of baked clay

Shells (sadaf)

Ribs (adla’)

Parchments (raqq)-a heavy paper-like material made from animal skins.

JAM’UL QUR’AN (1)

THE QUR’AN

The Qur’an can be defined as follow:

The speech of Allah,

Sent down upon the last Prophet Muhammad, through the Angel Gabriel, in its precise meaning and precise wording, transmitted to us by numerous persons (tawatur), both verbally and in writing.

Inimitable and unique, protected by Allah from corruption.

WHAT IS MEANT BY JAM’ AL-QUR’AN

The general meaning of jam’ al-Qur’an is to ‘bring together the Qur’an’. This was done and has to be understood in two ways :

i) Bringing together the Qur’an orally, or in one’s mind (hifz)

ii) Bringing together the Qur’an in written form, or on sheets, or in a book.

Jam’ al-Qur’an therefore, has various meaning :

- To learn the Qur’an by heart

- To write down every revelation

- To bring together those materials upon which the Qur’an has been written

- To bring together the reports of people who have memorised the Qur’an

- To bring together all such sources, both oral and written

BPBQAM QIRA'AT HAMZAH (AYAT 7-13)

أعوذ بالله من الشطان الرجيم

خَتَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ وَعَلَى سَمْعِهِمْ وَعَلَى أَبْصَارِهِمْ غِشَاوَةٌ

وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ (7)

Khalaf : Tark al-Ghunnah pada pertemuan tanwin dengan waw[1].

وَمِنْ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَقُولُ آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَبِالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ وَمَا هُمْ بِمُؤْمِنِينَ (8)

Khalaf: saktah qaulan wahidan pada lam ta'rif manakala Khallad secara khilaf pada kalimah :

الآخِر

Hamzah : Ibdal hamzah kepada huruf mad pada kalimah بِمُؤْمِنِينَ ketika waqaf padanya

Khalaf : Tark al-Ghunnah pada pertemuan nun sakinah dengan waw

يُخَادِعُونَ اللَّهَ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَمَا يَخْدَعُونَ إِلاَّ أَنفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ (9)

فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ فَزَادَهُمْ اللَّهُ مَرَضاً وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْذِبُونَ (10)

Hamzah : Imalah huruf alif pada kalimah فَزَادَهُمْ Dan juga saktah pada kalimah sakin mafsul

Khalaf : Tark al-Ghunnah pada pertemuan tanwin dengan waw.

وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ لا تُفْسِدُوا فِي الأَرْضِ قَالُوا إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ مُصْلِحُونَ (11)

Khalaf: saktah qaulan wahidan pada lam ta'rif manakala Khallad secara khilaf

أَلا إِنَّهُمْ هُمْ الْمُفْسِدُونَ وَلَكِنْ لا يَشْعُرُونَ (12)

وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ آمِنُوا كَمَا آمَنَ النَّاسُ قَالُوا أَنُؤْمِنُ كَمَا آمَنَ السُّفَهَاءُ أَلا إِنَّهُمْ هُمْ السُّفَهَاءُ وَلَكِنْ لا يَعْلَمُونَ (13)

Hamzah: Jikalau waqaf pada kalimah السُّفَهَاءُ , terdapat 5 wajah:

i) ibdal beserta qasr

ii) ibdal beserta tawassut

iii) ibdal beserta Isyba’

iv) tashil dan raum beserta qasr

v) tashil dan raum beserta mad (tawassut)

Khalaf : saktah secara khilaf pada sakin mafsul.

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[1] Sepertimana kata Imam al-SyaÏibiy:

وكل بينمو أدغموا مع غنة وفي الواو واليا دونها خلف تلا